1) Punctuation; Comma , Colon, Semicolon and Dash.
Ø Comma is a punctuation mark that is often used to separate clauses or a list of things.
a) To separate clauses
The pattern: Dependent clauses, independent clauses
e.g: - After I breakfast, I wash clothes.
-before she does her homework, she drinks –
a glass of milk.
b) To separate a list of things.
e.g: - I eat meatballs, satay, friedrice, friednoodle.
- she buys pencil, pen, book, and eraser.
- I give my money to nia, ria, tia, lia, and mia.
- Today,I study reading, listening, speaking.
c) Certain Adverbs
1. At the beginning..
e.g: however,……………
In fact,…………
As a matter of fact,……..
In addition,………….
Moreover,…………..
2. In the middle
e.g: ……………,however,………………..
d) Parenthetical Phrases
e.g: one day,……..
long time ago,…….
In this class,……
In this sentence,………
In this dormitory,……
-In dormitory, we do dzuhur prayer
e) Before Quotes
e.g: Miss nana said,”……”
f) Date, Month and Year
The pattern: month date, and year
e.g: September 21,2011
februari 14,2010
g) Names
e.g: Fadhilatul Khairiyah, M.E.d
raudhatul jannah, spd
h) Geoghrafical Names
e.g: I was born in banda aceh, aceh
I live in pekanbaru,riau
I study in kuala lumpur,Malaysia
i) Number
e.g: in English text
$ 1,000,000
k) Ellipsis
e.g: The car is black; the motorcycle is red
The car is black, the motorcycle red.
l) To separate additional informasionfrom the main part
e.g: My friend, rina, she is very beautiful.
My classmate, raudhah, she is very kind.
My young brother, rudi, he is bad.
Ø Semicolon is similiar to the use of the comma, it separates two
closely related ideas. The difference is that a conjunction such as” and or but” must be used along with comma, but the semi colon can be used alone.
The Semicolon used to:
a. To join related ideas:
e.g: My brother is a teacher; My sister is a- nurse.
I am hungry; I am do not have money
I like English; she dislike
b. Separate item that countain commas in a series
e.g: The university in Indonesia- are: UGM, Yogyakarta; UI, Jakarta; USU, Medan
The major in UIN SUSKA are :PBI, Tarbiyah; ekonomi islam, syariah & hukum.
c. Join two independent clauses in which the second clauses begins with an adverb or short parenthetical.
e.g:I am afraid of flying on an airplane; thus, I have never train.
Ø Colon is punctuation mark is represented by two equalized dots are placed in the middle of the same vertical line.
The colon is used to:
A. To introduce a list
e.g:- I have prayer equipment: prayer rug, prayer mat, and mushaf.
-Our main consideration are as- follows: speed, sofety, and glamour.
B. In the salutation of letter and a formal business letter.
e.g: -Dear my friendship:
-HAL:
-LAMPIRAN:
C. Hours and Minutes
e.g: -05:00 a.m
-07:00 p.m
-12:00 a.m
-06:00 p.m
-09:09a.m
D. To precede an extended explanation
e.g:-there are two procedur, how to make rujak: first,…………………..
second ,……………………
-there are steeps to success in exercise: frist,………
Second,……
E. To introduce an extraxt or quotation that follows an introductory sentence.
e.g:- As author, Erica Jong, stated:”if you do not risk anything, you risk even more.”
-The writer offered wise advise:”Get into the habit of reading your work aloud.”
Dash is a punctuations mark that is often typed as two hyphens side by side
They are using dash:
To separate noithout no space between them and the words on either side of it.
ü the word in the middle of sentence from the rest of the sentence.
e.g:-The man — you met in the office— is actually my brother-the girl— that you called— is actually my cousin.
-my brother work in the awal bros hospital from 2005–2011.
